This exercise was to help show how illustrators need to have a mine of visual resources to refer to when creating images. We are now mid COVID-19 lockdown so I could only do searches online – thank goodness for this technological age we live in! We were asked to collect as much reference as possible for the 1950s period according to eight main categories and then write a review from a visual perspective. My visual analysis is therefore broken down into the provided categories as per the below and I collected my images in this Pinterest board. I certainly learned a lot about this period!
People and costume
Well of course, a lot of reference comes mainly from the western world where, as always, the rest of the world tends to follow US trends and fashion. Honestly, I absolutely love it! I found a lot of images but the best and most exhaustive was this great website https://fiftiesweb.com/fashion/1950s-fashion/.
If the 1950s were about status, then people had to look good: i.e. groomed and tailored!
Women were almost infantilised with women “looking like little girls in big dresses” and were meant to look seductive, soft, feminine and romantic not sexy. I find that visually, the soft waves and curls and up dos of the 1950’s really framed the rest of the look.




As for clothes? Clean and light pastel colours, funky patterns, dots and florals were shaped into poodle, pleated and pencil skirts. If you wanted to wear ‘pants’ then it had to be peter plan collar blouses and cardigans combined with tapered pants, capri pants and pedal pushers which, let’s be honest, are summer classics even now for anyone over 30!




Matching was a must, with kitten heels and little gloves and handbags. Then set that off with small hats, headscarves, flowers, pearls, animal brooches and sweater clips. And of course this is the era of the buttlet bra, girdle and backseam stockings! Fabrics were heavier cotton, wool, tweed, rayon, corduroy, knits and some synthetics were already creeping their way in even back then. For more glamorous occasions of course women would don a floor-length ballgown or tube gowns made of silk, satin, taffeta, lace, velvet and chiffon. The choice was dramatic volume or sleek Hollywood star. Translation? Pouffy or posh.
For men, I truly feel sorry for them because men’s clothing and appearance is so much more boring than for women. Then again, you are usually MUCH more comfortable. However, I personally think the most exciting thing for men in the 1950s were the fantastic hairdos that mimicked the soft and romantic waves of the feminine hair-do yet still managed to stay rather masculine. Thank you people like Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Frank Sinatra and Cary Grant. So, you got it: quiffs, sideburns and this hilarious set of photos with explanation nails it: from long classy pompadour and an Elvis messy quiff to the slick side part or even a wavy swoop pompadour with faded sides or even a Frank Sinatra short side and textured top or a James Dean Quiff they all indeed rock. Yet my favourite of all has to be the classis ducktail!! (Duck’s ass)




As for men’s clothes? Apparently we are not meant to think Fonz or Grease (even though I think John Travolta’s quiff was pretty spectacular!) but sleek and almost formal to our 21st century eyes. Thus the look for both work and leisure was a sharp, fuller (think baggier, not skin tight) and comfortably cut suit and a sports coat on top. Colours and textures were far more boring: dark blue, dark brown and charcoal or the dressy penguin of course. Summer and casual gets a bit more interesting with cardigan sweater or a vest (aren’t they back in up North these days?), you know, the kind of ivy league preppy guy you want to bring home to your folks… A few other styles did also creep in, military or western casual plaid. Common accessories? The classic Stetson or similar hat, handkerchief – honestly, who calls them that anymore? – tie and of course a pipe. Perfect for after dinner brandies. Compared to women’s look, I find this most common male 1950s look much more old-fashioned with straight lines, symmetry, rigid looking almost and which gives the men a kind of ‘sturdy’, ‘dependable’ and almost superior look. Maybe that’s what they were going for.
When it comes to rock stars or perhaps younger and/or poorer generations, Elvis Presley had a massive influence on fashion yet it was based on the people and environment around him: working class yet laid back with high wasted trousers, penny loafers and Cuban collared shirts! Yet this was still plain with some splash of colour, maybe a stripe or two. In the past years of the 2010s I have certainly seen this more casual 1950s influence come through in men’s loafers with no socks (bothers me a little, not sure why), sweater vests and cardies and polo shirts or more smart-cashual t-shirts. The look can also be quite pastel and layered with greys, pale blues, beige and khaki with differences e.g. wearing an open shirt over a t-shirt and jeans are certainly not waste-high (and more generally hanging off the hips almost too nonchalantly)!




Architecture and interiors
When it comes to architecture and interiors, the 1950s sparked a movement towards making modernist design become a significant part of every day life. In other words, ‘modernism’ had become the style associated with the 20th century and used in much architecture. Poured concrete, industrialized steel, new materials like aluminium and plastic with some famous architects like Jean Prouvé looking to make an important connection between production and function.
I personally usually find modern buildings from the 1950s and even to date rather ugly, too out there or dull and boring. This is because I much prefer the more art nouveau architecture movement with softer lines, based on shapes found in nature and more intricate (think Antoni Guadí and his Casa Batlló). 1950’s architecture seems to go off in entirely the opposite direction. Its either very functional, angular, dark in colour and material and rather dull or its UFO-like white and rounded and tends to not quite fit in with any buildings around it! It then gets a lot worse with Brutalism, an architectural style that stemmed from this modernist movement. Think massive, concrete, blocky, geometric, rough walls, unfinished granular look, heavy materials, linear and small windows… and got its name through the critique of other architects. This style also then became synonymous with the socially progressive housing solutions that, combined with the constructivist style architecture focused on function from the 1920s (e.g. Bauhaus), became increasingly widespread across European Communist countries.




What I find most remarkable of all, is how this style is so markedly contrasted by a much more aesthetically pleasing (for me at least) interior design. Even more surprising is that I had no ideas that I have a lot products and furniture reminiscent of the 50s in my flat! This part of the 50s has definitely crept back in to contemporary styles. When I was searching online for images, most of them were of new interiors designed now but based on the 1950s. Round edged furniture and products, plastic coatings and pastel shades and glossy steel or enamel kettles, elf-like and elegant angles and curves on chairs and tables, cute toasters and wooden TV sets and of course the famous SMEG fridges. Perhaps the only think I don’t like are the floral prints and frills in textiles or the overly busy patterns on the wallpaper. Even now, I feel like this curvy, almost playful style is rather in fashion though often now fused with Scandinavian simplicity and minimalism with less clutter and the use of a lot more wood for warmer and softer tones. People nowadays like plastic much less for a variety of reasons both aesthetic and environmental so this is one big difference I see.







Art (painting, drawing, sculpture)
I also hadn’t quite realised that abstract expressionism came in the 1940s and continued into the 1950s and I admit I was disappointed as I am not a big fan of abstract or a lot of modern art in general. However, as I dug deeper I did appreciate, at the very least, an understanding and appreciation of it even if I will never hang up anything of the sorts in my living room. 🙂
Indeed it seems that typical artists of that time like de Kooning and Jackson Pollock et al. were shacked up in New York and determined to outdo previous more Paris-centred surrealism and cubism and essentially surpass Picasso. Apparently this was the start of New York stealing Paris’ thunder and for the US to dominate the international Art world after the war.
There were two main types of this abstract expressionism, action painting or colour field painting. For the former, painting became more about the process and painting itself rather than the finished product. Colour field painting was essentially putting the emphasis on colour and usually in ‘fields’ of colour broken with lines and other shapes.
To be honest I find it difficult to describe as the style varies so much from artist to artist. What does seem to be common is that it was like a total rejection of any kind of objective art from a classical or even academic sense and a move towards subjective art, where expressing the mind and feelings and individual style and creativity was the aim, rather than ‘painting well’. From drips and splodges to blocks of vibrant colours and lines, liberated brush strokes, these artists were aiming at transcendence and the infinite. Not sure I can be the judge on them achieving this or not!
In terms of sculpture, the 1950s saw the start of experimentation with new materials including steel and larger scale projects which led to landscape art of the 1970s. I find this style to be in line with abstract expressionism with forms and shapes and colours that evoke more emotion and involvement rather than precise objectivity.






Graphic design (posters, books, typography) and Advertising
Graphic design mimicked the 1950s colour palette and has a water-colour feel to it. Given the post-war rise to status, most things I found were directly related to advertising which is why I have merged these two sections. The most entertaining description I found for this was “The 1950s donned a cloak of perkiness – smoking didn’t kill, Cuba was a vacation destination and women were pleased as punch to do housework in pearls and heels”! With regards to the latter, indeed I found many extremely sexist adverts, posters, raunchy book covers for pulp fiction etc. that put women in their apparent subservient place in a man’s world where they were upset if they burned the dinner and happy to tend to their man and run the household, giving up any dream of self-realisation outside of their homes and their children. Indeed with regards to the latter, in my research, the period is also often categorized as a time of post-war prosperity whereby the family and family values became the centre of life in the Western world. This came in parallel with a cold-war era of capitalism vs communism and the Western worlds determination to ‘win’ through economic growth and status – heavily influenced by propaganda and an aggressive advertising culture. Even more cynical outlooks argue that “So eagerly did 1950s Americans act on taste signals from advertisers, and fuss over which neighbors had what amenity, that thrift often went by the wayside […] idealized mid-20th-century American was a buy-now, pay-later, status-craving climber unmoored from most traditional values”. Not our best move as a human race I’d say.






This was challenged by the rise in pop art in the UK and the US which was more ironical and satirical with regards to consumerism and fast growing society. It started out using found and used objects and ‘cheap’ techniques such as collecting, collage or silkscreen print which is interpreted to critique the elitist world of high culture and abstraction. ‘Pop’ is quite the right name for it. Hard black outlines, playful cartoon style and bright colours in limited tones and the only art in history that actually was intending to be ‘mainstream’.




Transport
On to slightly more pleasant things! I suppose that with the rise in capitalism and luxury, the fact that public transport waned and everyone started having their own flashy cars is a given really and they probably needed them as all the well-to-do families moved out into suburbia. Think shiny and sleek chrome and colourful buicks, cadillacs and roadmasters with half hidden rear wheels, light coloured or white leather seats. These beauties were as preened and groomed as men’s hair back then. The style also harkens back to the sweeping and elegant lines and curves of 1950s interiors and product design. I’m not a car fan but they are definitely my favourite style. All other modes of transport are dull by comparison!




Surface Pattern and Decoration
I find this reminiscent of a cross-between abstract expressionism, space-age forms and old-fashioned florals. For me its pastel coloured and soft and romantic yet funky but not yet turned 60s or 70s funky. Once again I found more contemporary examples based on the 50s rather than real examples from the 50s. Abstract shapes, lines, blocks of colour meet simplistic illustrations of leaves, flowers and leave a hint of youthfulness and childlike design. This has probably been even more exaggerated in modern 1950s style designs. Essentially, it perfectly matches the perfect housewife with the perfect mod cons and the perfect house in the perfect suburbs.






Film and TV
Yet another industry where 1950s is a recurrent theme since then and to date! Happy Days, Mash, Father Brown, Grease, Chico y Rita, Brooklyn, The Crown…. From bouncy sitcoms and gangster movies to period dramas, the 1950s has been done a million times over.
The 50s themselves saw the TV become the centre piece of family living with actors like Marlon Brando, James Dean, Gene Kelly, Al Pacino and Roberto de Nero.
Visually speaking, everything above this point goes. Many Disney films were out then too, perhaps this is why they were also steeped in gender roles and romantic scenes about princes and heroes stepping in to the save girl!







After all the research and analysis…. then came the illustration! We were asked to make an illustration of someone sitting in a chair surrounded by typical things from the 1950s.
I started off thinking I would do a nice hand painted and colourful style with pastels or watercolours. So I started exploring what materials and media I had and what colours turned out well.

I then tried a combination of this media on a few 1950s women and some typical items from the 1950s. I mixed highlighters with pen, water colour and ink, water colour and felt pen etc. to see what I might like best. The radio worked really well with felt tip edgings and water colours. However, before I could combine all this I wanted to come up with some compilation ideas of a woman in a chair and some of these typical objects.


So I browsed through all my research and decided that I would try to reflect the very gender-specific roles of the 50s and thus would base this on a person setting in the interior of a 1950s house surrounded by typical things and interior decor.






First lesson learnt here, is to use a pen or softer pencil so the when I take photos of my quick sketches to plan a layout they are more visible. Apologies! My ideas went from an interior kitchen or living with a 1950’s typical housewife waiting on her hard-working husband in a nice pastel coloured scene to portraying this more from a satirical pop art or comic style set up. Inspired by the crying and upset women in Pop art, speech bubbles, and bright colours I finally got to the idea of a woman waiting in her kitchen for her very late man to turn up and dreaming of what can of course only make any woman happy: a loving husband and children. I even created a new section in my Pinterest to store all of my favourite images relating to Pop Art here and some examples of my main inspirations below.
My favourite layout was the long landscape rectangle with the first third a women sad and crying waiting in her kitchen until 9pm with no husband to be seen and the dinner table all set like a good housewife. She frustratedly asks out loud where he is while she dreams of a typical family seen (second two thirds of the layout) all contained in a dream bubble.







Trying to adhere to my tutor’s advice to try out new media, I then realised that it would be much more fun to try to do a collage, in true Pop Art style. However, mid COVID-19 lockdown and limited Amazon shipping to Switzerland meant that I couldn’t get my hands on much printed material. So I decided it was time to self-tutor in Photoshop. Thank goodness for free tutorials and free image downloads!




I started off with the crying woman and kitchen scene (first third). I used free images from my Pinterest collection but also hard to scour the net for more to ensure I had good resolution quality. From knowing nothing about Photoshop to being to do this…. I won’t lie, it was not an easy process! Now I do have a good grasp of how the layering system works, how to edit, rub things, cut images out and all sorts of tricks. I tried to still make it look like a collage while also making sure it was neat enough and using bright colours like many Pop Art pieces. I then realised that if I kept this style throughout it might get too busy and colourful. So I decided to use a new file to experiment with a more black and white ‘dream’ portion which would also be symbolic of the woman dreaming of an ‘old-fashioned’ family set up.






What became clear is that I had to spend a long time finding images I could use and that suited what I was going for. I had to try various backgrounds of interiors and various characters etc. that would match before I could get something I liked and that was closest to what I had sketched out. However this changed constantly as I went so the entire thing felt like an experiment the whole time. It’s very different from drawing directly since it was all online and I had no access to a printer so I also couldn’t do a real ‘collage’ itself.
I also tried to experiment with different types of characters, man on the couch, woman cleaning, kids in the picture etc. It’s hard to document progress and thinking since its all digital and you can go back and forth with ideas really easily so I took plenty of screen shots to show some of the different ideas and images and I finally found a nice ‘romantic’ one with the happy 1950’s couple sitting on a couch (last image). I introduced a 1950s style painting, radio, table and of course the kids – all onto a 1950s style interior image, all of which found online and stored in my Pinterest. I thought about and looked for more things I could insert but I also didn’t want to overcrowd either so I decided to leave it there. I then had to export this and bring it in as a flattened image into my Pop Art file. I realised I had to make the image dreamy round the edges too so I did that, and then realised it needed a black outline to keep it all together but also in the Pop Art/Comic style strip I was going for. I then tried out some Pop Art style love hearts to make it a little more fun and maybe even a little more sarcastic 🙂




Final result, please see below! A person (well two, smooching) sitting on chair surrounded by typical things from the 50s: funky TVs, ‘happy’ kids, crazy wallpaper, swirly carpets, retro radio and a couch that basically looks like the same as mine! A 1950s’ woman’s dream to have a perfect family and to be the perfect housewife. Pop Art is still not something I would put on my wall, but it’s a fun style to play with and I loved learning how to use Photoshop.

Final reflections:
I learned a lot about Photoshop and how much fun collage can be with this exercise. I also really enjoyed the online experimental process of finding graphics and trying things out. Since I didn’t have to draw, I was free from worrying specifically about being too perfect with a pencil and able to play around with images and ideas. I definitely still don’t like pop art style but I can appreciate more now where it comes from and the impact it has had – which has helped me gain understanding of the power of research even if it’s not my main interest area, it certainly gives the right understanding and context to be able to respond to a brief.
References:
People and Costume
http://8tracks.com/ccarpanz/dream-lover?utm_source=pinterest
http://thevintagetraveler.wordpress.com/2013/04/20/charm-april-1952/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/milliemotts/4369226318/in/set-72157626085642007/
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/fashion-magazine-1950s_n_4536381
http://tammy17tummy.tumblr.com/post/8267827485
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/fashion-magazine-1950s_n_4536381
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/fashion-magazine-1950s_n_4536381
https://www.life.com/lifestyle/see-the-best-fashions-of-the-1950s/
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/fashion-magazine-1950s_n_4536381
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/fashion-magazine-1950s_n_4536381
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/fashion-magazine-1950s_n_4536381
https://www.etsy.com/uk/listing/482558931/1950-vintage-vogue-sewing-pattern-b34
https://www.flickr.com/photos/vintagevogue/40638602994/
https://carlahoag.wordpress.com/category/1960s/1960/
http://womenideastyle.blogspot.com/2017/12/sears-catalog-springsummer-1958-womens.html?spref=pi&m=1
https://www.flickr.com/photos/cemetarian/4391985919/in/photostream
http://vintagedancer.com/1950s/1950s-fashion-history/
https://sammydvintage.com/vintage-style/50s/1950s-style-looks/
https://theidleman.com/blogs/style/elvis-presley-style
https://fiftiesweb.com/fashion/1950s-mens-fashion/
https://fiftiesweb.com/fashion/1950s-mens-fashion/
https://www.menshairstylestoday.com/1950s-hairstyles-for-men/
https://fiftiesweb.com/fashion/fashion-w/
https://fiftiesweb.com/fashion/1950s-teen-clothes/
https://vintagedancer.com/1950s/1950s-fashion-women-get-look/
https://fiftiesweb.com/fashion/1950s-fashion/
https://fiftiesweb.com/fashion/1950s-evening-gowns/
https://www.google.com/search?q=images+from+my+week+with+marilyn+the+film&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjv3bjVw6foAhWJgKQKHfjUDFMQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=images+from+my+week+with+marilyn+the+film&gs_l=img.3…156146.162105..162435…4.0..5.842.5329.1j20j1j5-3j1……0….1..gws-wiz-img.uJMhBsgdmgI&ei=WupzXu_ICYmBkgX4qbOYBQ&bih=660&biw=951&client=safari
https://fiftiesweb.com/fashion/1950s-pants-shorts/
https://vintagedancer.com/1950s/1950s-fashion-women-get-look/
Pop Art
https://pngtree.com/freepng/decorative-pattern-hand-painted-pop-pop-wind_3962443.html
https://favart.wordpress.com/lichtenstein-paintings-all/
http://www.allposters.com/-sp/Kiss-II-c-1962-Posters_i8673085_.htm?AID=1025109454
http://www.imagekind.com/showartwork.aspx?IMID=d95b2e3a-ea29-49e7-a685-f76c277fb32a&size=Medium
http://thunderstruck9.tumblr.com/image/175092591051
http://lobopopart.com.br/en/portfolio/artworks-lobo-artist/
http://www.tomwesselmannestate.org/artwork/still-life/
http://www.freepik.com/free-photos-vectors/comic
http://www.ifitshipitshere.com/the-legacy-of-pop-artist-james-rosenquist/
http://sueyliles.wordpress.com/jaumne-plensa/eduardo-paolozzi/
https://www.widewalls.ch/top-10-pop-art-paintings-20-century-culture/
https://www.wikiart.org/en/andy-warhol
https://www.wikiart.org/en/andy-warhol
https://www.widewalls.ch/top-10-pop-art-paintings-20-century-culture/
Surface patter and decoration
https://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1280&bih=685&q=1960%27s+wallpaper+patterns&oq=1960%27s+wa&gs_l=img.1.1.0l10.1702.10951.0.13788.11.9.1.1.1.0.197.839.7j2.9.0….0…1ac.1.53.img..0.11.850.sAj4a45EdC0#facrc=&imgdii=&imgrc=Pj5bPoPa_okZUM%253A;f57UQaJwioOCLM;http%253A%252F%252Fdesignerwallcoverings.com%252FWallpaperStore%252Fimages%252Fsas-scallop-flower-dwc.jpg;http%253A%252F%252Fdesignerwallcoverings.com%252FWallpaperStore%252Findex.php%253Fmain_page%253Dproduct_info%2526products_id%253D6759;800;800
https://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1280&bih=685&q=1960%27s+wallpaper+patterns&oq=1960%27s+wa&gs_l=img.1.1.0l10.1702.10951.0.13788.11.9.1.1.1.0.197.839.7j2.9.0….0…1ac.1.53.img..0.11.850.sAj4a45EdC0#facrc=&imgdii=&imgrc=pavsr_H6EEypsM%253A;bKrHNbSzhKGajM;http%253A%252F%252Fmedia-cache-ec0.pinimg.com%252F236x%252F2a%252Fd2%252Ff3%252F2ad2f375036e2a964e453ad1f688aa0d.jpg;http%253A%252F%252Fwww.pinterest.com%252Fnoradean1%252Fwallpaper-ideas%252F;236;189
http://www.flickr.com/photos/java1888/2231949934/
https://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1280&bih=685&q=1960%27s+wallpaper+patterns&oq=1960%27s+wa&gs_l=img.1.1.0l10.1702.10951.0.13788.11.9.1.1.1.0.197.839.7j2.9.0….0…1ac.1.53.img..0.11.850.sAj4a45EdC0#facrc=&imgdii=&imgrc=pavsr_H6EEypsM%253A;bKrHNbSzhKGajM;http%253A%252F%252Fmedia-cache-ec0.pinimg.com%252F236x%252F2a%252Fd2%252Ff3%252F2ad2f375036e2a964e453ad1f688aa0d.jpg;http%253A%252F%252Fwww.pinterest.com%252Fnoradean1%252Fwallpaper-ideas%252F;236;189
http://www.ftmlondon.org/exhibitions/future/detail/?ID=68
http://thecraftygentleman.wordpress.com/2014/07/27/✄-diy-retro-1950s-starburstatomic-t-shirt-✄/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/java1888/2231150705/in/photostream/
http://www.patternprintsjournal.com/2012/12/historical-masterpiece-patterns-by.html
http://50sstyle.blogspot.com/2007/10/awesome-reproduction-barkcloth-for.html
http://www.flickr.com/photos/42353480@N02/4207087808/
https://happyinteriorblog.com/happily-ever-after-1950s-interior-design/
http://www.retrotogo.com/2012/10/robert-stewart-midcentury-cloths-at-classic-textiles.html
http://glamorouslyvintage.com/kitchen-colors-colors-through-the-years-1950-1960-and-1970/
https://juiceboxinteractive.com/blog/color/
http://manynicethings.blogspot.com/2011/03/1950s-fabric-design.html
Film and TV
https://www.pinterest.ch/pin/147844800255924139/
https://www.pinterest.ch/pin/147844800255924087/
https://www.google.com/search?q=sleepingbeauty&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiCgOzMxLboAhUEgaQKHU2GClwQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=sleepingbeauty&gs_l=img.3..0i19l2j0i30i19.36281.41757..42987…0.0..1.317.4448.0j29j2j1……0….1..gws-wiz-img…..0..0i67j0j0i30j0i5i30j0i10i24j0i24.EvPdCM5iBds&ei=mMh7XoLUJoSCkgXNjKrgBQ&bih=716&biw=1245&client=safari#imgrc=fJ9TTMGwlWl6CM
https://www.google.com/search?q=images+from+brooklyn+the+film&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwi__eSpw6foAhWJgKQKHfjUDFMQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=images+from+brooklyn+the+film&gs_l=img.3…85939.88696..88929…0.0..0.242.1324.0j8j1……0….1..gws-wiz-img.WVZ1OBQt-fs&ei=_ulzXr-GJYmBkgX4qbOYBQ&bih=660&biw=951&client=safari#imgrc=N6vYhMSXesJQeM
http://www.self.com/sexrelationships/2013/05/pinterest-date-ideas-slideshow?slide=22#slide=22
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2603670/Saoirse-Ronan-gets-cosy-set-Brooklyn.html
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2603670/Saoirse-Ronan-gets-cosy-set-Brooklyn.html
Transport
http://50spopmusic.com/50scarstrainssports/1950sstreamlinedtrains.html
https://www.google.com/search?q=planes+from+1950s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwif_K_zwrboAhVJtaQKHYPqD2kQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=planes+from+1950s&gs_l=img.3..0i8i30.45574.48917..49418…0.0..0.140.2002.0j16……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….0i7i30j0i7i5i30j0i8i7i30.GqB7Zeme0GU&ei=0MZ7Xp_UIsnqkgWD1b_IBg&bih=716&biw=1245&client=safari#imgrc=ENYuEB1EaNdKVM
https://www.pinterest.ch/pin/147844800255902040/
https://www.google.com/search?q=london+bus+from+1950s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjH1q25wrboAhWBP-wKHetVBRMQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=london+bus+from+1950s&gs_l=img.3…117271.119630..120481…0.0..0.143.938.0j7……0….1..gws-wiz-img.Cs_Q1YHnNVk&ei=VsZ7XsfTNoH_sAfrq5WYAQ&bih=716&biw=1245&client=safari#imgrc=_XKib1yBKX8r4M
https://www.google.com/search?q=london+bus+from+1950s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjH1q25wrboAhWBP-wKHetVBRMQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=london+bus+from+1950s&gs_l=img.3…117271.119630..120481…0.0..0.143.938.0j7……0….1..gws-wiz-img.Cs_Q1YHnNVk&ei=VsZ7XsfTNoH_sAfrq5WYAQ&bih=716&biw=1245&client=safari#imgrc=ENK2eaReG6cYUM
https://www.google.com/search?q=bus+from+1950s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwi87Y2WwrboAhWIu6QKHd-6DsoQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=bus+from+1950s&gs_l=img.3..0i19j0i7i30i19j0i8i30i19.68556.71447..72681…0.0..0.185.1732.1j12……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….0i7i30j0i8i7i30.GME8VnKw46U&ei=DMZ7Xry3O4j3kgXf9brQDA&bih=716&biw=1245&client=safari#imgrc=RLqSzgKJQ2iWlM&imgdii=uqn2fcV9vpY2PM
https://www.google.com/search?q=bus+from+1950s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwi87Y2WwrboAhWIu6QKHd-6DsoQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=bus+from+1950s&gs_l=img.3..0i19j0i7i30i19j0i8i30i19.68556.71447..72681…0.0..0.185.1732.1j12……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….0i7i30j0i8i7i30.GME8VnKw46U&ei=DMZ7Xry3O4j3kgXf9brQDA&bih=716&biw=1245&client=safari#imgrc=RLqSzgKJQ2iWlM
https://www.google.com/search?q=motorbikes+from+1950s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjo_rftwLboAhWBP-wKHetVBRMQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=motorbikes+from+1950s&gs_l=img.3…348118.351472..351775…0.0..0.228.1949.0j13j1……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….0i19j0i7i30i19j0i7i5i30i19j0i8i7i30i19j0i7i30j0i7i5i30j0i8i7i30.cnprw6hRYtU&ei=q8R7Xqj9DoH_sAfrq5WYAQ&bih=716&biw=1245&client=safari#imgrc=gguBpqOMW3P6UM
https://www.google.com/search?q=bus+from+1950s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwi87Y2WwrboAhWIu6QKHd-6DsoQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=bus+from+1950s&gs_l=img.3..0i19j0i7i30i19j0i8i30i19.68556.71447..72681…0.0..0.185.1732.1j12……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….0i7i30j0i8i7i30.GME8VnKw46U&ei=DMZ7Xry3O4j3kgXf9brQDA&bih=716&biw=1245&client=safari#imgrc=HnqJhcQwNUpnhM
https://www.google.com/search?q=motorbikes+from+1950s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjo_rftwLboAhWBP-wKHetVBRMQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=motorbikes+from+1950s&gs_l=img.3…348118.351472..351775…0.0..0.228.1949.0j13j1……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….0i19j0i7i30i19j0i7i5i30i19j0i8i7i30i19j0i7i30j0i7i5i30j0i8i7i30.cnprw6hRYtU&ei=q8R7Xqj9DoH_sAfrq5WYAQ&bih=716&biw=1245&client=safari#imgrc=zqUG2sBYHs8X6M&imgdii=Mmp0kH-Zcf9JnM
https://www.google.com/search?q=motorbikes+from+1950s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjo_rftwLboAhWBP-wKHetVBRMQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=motorbikes+from+1950s&gs_l=img.3…348118.351472..351775…0.0..0.228.1949.0j13j1……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….0i19j0i7i30i19j0i7i5i30i19j0i8i7i30i19j0i7i30j0i7i5i30j0i8i7i30.cnprw6hRYtU&ei=q8R7Xqj9DoH_sAfrq5WYAQ&bih=716&biw=1245&client=safari#imgrc=zqUG2sBYHs8X6M
https://moneyinc.com/top-luxury-cars-of-the-1950s/
https://juiceboxinteractive.com/blog/color/
Advertising
https://sammydvintage.com/vintage-style/50s/1950s-style-looks/
https://www.theartstory.org/artist/warhol-andy/
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/16/90/d4/1690d4202798287f69f08ec35a655338.jpg
https://www.illustrationhistory.org/history/time-periods/the-decade-1950-1960
https://joyenergizer.com/50-damn-right-offensive-and-sexist-ads/
Graphic design
https://www.illustrationhistory.org/history/time-periods/the-decade-1950-1960
https://emilyfenstermacher.weebly.com/the-ideal.html
https://emilyfenstermacher.weebly.com/the-ideal.html
https://emilyfenstermacher.weebly.com/the-ideal.html
https://inspiredology.com/graphic-design-through-the-decades-series-the-50s/
https://inspiredology.com/graphic-design-through-the-decades-series-the-50s/
http://www.oldcaradvertising.com/Cadillac%20&%20LaSalle/1955/1955%20Cadillac%20Ad-15.html
https://www.widewalls.ch/1950s-art/
https://www.illustrationhistory.org/history/time-periods/the-decade-1950-1960
Art
https://www.widewalls.ch/1950s-art/
https://www.google.com/search?q=Jean+Prouvé+1950s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiG8orku7boAhXIgaQKHYSRDtMQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=Jean+Prouvé+1950s&gs_l=img.3…359856.362685..363243…0.0..2.1669.4872.0j1j7-1j2……0….1..gws-wiz-img.HXO_C3Y89jA&ei=Wb97XsbhG8iDkgWEo7qYDQ&bih=716&biw=1245&client=safari#imgrc=ZVMDdGYk6RDoEM
https://www.google.com/search?q=Isamu+Noguchi+1950s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjj9YXcu7boAhUXD-wKHWvKB3UQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=Isamu+Noguchi+1950s&gs_l=img.3…9805.14660..15421…1.0..1.2031.4314.1j1j1j1j0j1j1j9-1……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….0i67j0.3OUGFbD7NEg&ei=SL97XuOxJJeesAfrlJ-oBw&bih=716&biw=1245&client=safari#imgrc=s1_fzPwVknoD_M&imgdii=Hj9a-ioZJLxLYM
https://www.google.com/search?q=Jean+Prouvé+1950s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiG8orku7boAhXIgaQKHYSRDtMQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=Jean+Prouvé+1950s&gs_l=img.3…359856.362685..363243…0.0..2.1669.4872.0j1j7-1j2……0….1..gws-wiz-img.HXO_C3Y89jA&ei=Wb97XsbhG8iDkgWEo7qYDQ&bih=716&biw=1245&client=safari#imgrc=vblrhN-j7P_kYM
https://www.google.com/search?q=Isamu+Noguchi+1950s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjj9YXcu7boAhUXD-wKHWvKB3UQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=Isamu+Noguchi+1950s&gs_l=img.3…9805.14660..15421…1.0..1.2031.4314.1j1j1j1j0j1j1j9-1……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….0i67j0.3OUGFbD7NEg&ei=SL97XuOxJJeesAfrlJ-oBw&bih=716&biw=1245&client=safari#imgrc=6bZ3x4v17v_6eM
https://www.widewalls.ch/1950s-art/
https://www.theartstory.org/movement/color-field-painting/
https://www.illustrationhistory.org/history/time-periods/the-decade-1950-1960
https://www.dekooning.org/the-artist/artworks/view/all?view_all=1
https://www.theartstory.org/artist/newman-barnett/artworks/
https://www.jackson-pollock.org/blue-poles.jsp
https://www.jackson-pollock.org/jackson-pollock-paintings.jsp
https://www.jackson-pollock.org/jackson-pollock-paintings.jsp
https://www.dekooning.org/the-artist/artworks/view/all?view_all=1
Architecture and interiors
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/10/f1/7b/10f17b3eee46c9fb30ea5ba21fd6dce8.jpg
https://www.amazon.com/House-Garden-1950s-Decades-Design/dp/1840916621
http://getdecortip.info/interior-design-ideas/275/?=2629363572&1120553284
https://www.amazon.com/House-Garden-1950s-Decades-Design/dp/1840916621
https://www.amazon.com/House-Garden-1950s-Decades-Design/dp/1840916621
https://www.google.com/search?q=Jean+Prouvé+1950s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiG8orku7boAhXIgaQKHYSRDtMQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=Jean+Prouvé+1950s&gs_l=img.3…359856.362685..363243…0.0..2.1669.4872.0j1j7-1j2……0….1..gws-wiz-img.HXO_C3Y89jA&ei=Wb97XsbhG8iDkgWEo7qYDQ&bih=716&biw=1245&client=safari#imgrc=RDNdXibjUCxuoM
https://twitter.com/archillect/status/1182893671903051776/photo/1
https://www.wallpaper.com/architecture/soviet-modernism-1955-1991-unknown-stories-exhibition-vienna
http://travelwomanideas.wikihoo.ru/946480-house-projects-architecture-design-36-trendy-ideas.html
http://www.postalesinventadas.com/2013/08/900-fos-sur-mer-la-tour-de-vigie.html
https://decorathing.com/architecture/85-amazing-brutalist-architecture-that-can-fascinate-you/
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Brutalism
https://www.latimes.com/books/la-ca-jc-brutalism-atlas-20190109-htmlstory.html
https://decorathing.com/architecture/85-amazing-brutalist-architecture-that-can-fascinate-you/
https://designyoutrust.com/2016/05/soviet-brutalist-architecture-photographed-by-frederic-chaubin/
https://mymodernmet.com/brutalist-architecture/
https://uk.phaidon.com/agenda/architecture/articles/2016/march/23/a-movement-in-a-moment-brutalism/
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Brutalism
https://www.theartstory.org/artist/mies-van-der-rohe-ludwig/artworks/
https://www.google.com/search?q=Isamu+Noguchi+1950s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjj9YXcu7boAhUXD-wKHWvKB3UQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=Isamu+Noguchi+1950s&gs_l=img.3…9805.14660..15421…1.0..1.2031.4314.1j1j1j1j0j1j1j9-1……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….0i67j0.3OUGFbD7NEg&ei=SL97XuOxJJeesAfrlJ-oBw&bih=716&biw=1245&client=safari#imgrc=8O6RfiE94rmjFM&imgdii=MSIbbwQSUxN8TM
https://www.google.com/search?q=Isamu+Noguchi+1950s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjj9YXcu7boAhUXD-wKHWvKB3UQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=Isamu+Noguchi+1950s&gs_l=img.3…9805.14660..15421…1.0..1.2031.4314.1j1j1j1j0j1j1j9-1……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….0i67j0.3OUGFbD7NEg&ei=SL97XuOxJJeesAfrlJ-oBw&bih=716&biw=1245&client=safari#imgrc=T_TgapYI5LrcLM
https://www.google.com/search?q=Isamu+Noguchi+1950s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjj9YXcu7boAhUXD-wKHWvKB3UQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=Isamu+Noguchi+1950s&gs_l=img.3…9805.14660..15421…1.0..1.2031.4314.1j1j1j1j0j1j1j9-1……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….0i67j0.3OUGFbD7NEg&ei=SL97XuOxJJeesAfrlJ-oBw&bih=716&biw=1245&client=safari#imgrc=1duNFJkua7KrUM